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1.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 79(2): 128-130, Mar.-Apr. 2020. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1137943

ABSTRACT

Resumo Apresentamos um caso de distrofia macular oculta bilateral, em paciente de 70 anos com queixa de baixa acuidade visual progressiva, sem achados fundoscópicos ou angiográficos justificáveis. Foram realizados exames de imagem do sistema nervoso central que afastaram lesões expansivas e testes eletrofisiológicos que sugeriram diagnóstico.


Abstract We report a case of bilateral occult macular dystrophy in a 70-year-old woman with progressive low visual acuity, without justifiable fundoscopic or angiographic findings. Imaging tests were done to excluding expansive lesions and electrophysiological tests that suggested the diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Fluorescein Angiography/methods , Visual Acuity , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods , Electrophysiology/methods , Electroretinography/methods , Macular Degeneration/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential
4.
RELAMPA, Rev. Lat.-Am. Marcapasso Arritm ; 31(3)jul.-set. 2018. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-967663

ABSTRACT

Relatamos um caso peculiar de taquicardia de QRS largo incessante em portador de coração transplantado ortotópico por técnica de anastomose biatrial 13 anos antes do aparecimento da arritmia. O paciente foi submetido, com sucesso, a ablação guiada por mapeamento eletroanatômico, evidenciando a importância desse método e potenciais armadilhas de mapeamento em arritmias associadas a cicatrizes cirúrgicas


We report a peculiar case of an incessant wide complex QRS tachycardia in a patient with orthotopic heart transplant using a bi-atrial anastomosis technique, performed thirteen years before the appearance of the arrhythmia. The patient underwent a successful ablation procedure guided by electroanatomic mapping, evidencing the importance of this method and potential pitfalls in tachyarrhythmias associated with surgical scars


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Postoperative Period , Tachycardia , Heart Transplantation , Catheter Ablation/methods , Thrombosis , Echocardiography/methods , Heparin/administration & dosage , Radionuclide Imaging/methods , Electrocardiography/methods , Electrophysiology/methods , Catheters , Heart Atria
5.
RELAMPA, Rev. Lat.-Am. Marcapasso Arritm ; 31(3)jul.-set. 2018. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-967708

ABSTRACT

A estimulação artificial do feixe de His garante uma despolarização harmônica e sincronizada de ambos os ventrículos e já vem sendo estudada há mais de 50 anos. O aproveitamento e o desenvolvimento de ferramentas e cabos-eletrodos colaboraram para impulsionar o implante de marcapassos com estimulação hissiana de maneira rotineira em humanos, principalmente nos últimos 15 anos. Segundo as evidências atuais, essa modalidade de estimulação é promissora como alternativa à estimulação ventricular direita monossítica tradicional pela redução potencial dos prejuízos induzidos pela estimulação artificial, tais como queda da fração de ejeção, internações hospitalares por insuficiência cardíaca e até morte. O uso do marcapasso com estimulação hissiana também já foi descrito como alternativa para pacientes com indicação de terapia de ressincronização cardíaca, com resultados animadores. O limiar de comando mais elevado, as potenciais inibições ou perdas de captura ventricular por oversensing (far-field atrial), e os possíveis deslocamentos do cabo-eletrodo pela movimentação do folheto septal da valva mitral são problemas a serem considerados antes do implante de marcapasso com estimulação hissiana. Ensaios clínicos com grande número de participantes e alto poder estatístico ainda são necessários para a melhor compreensão dos benefícios da estimulação hissiana a médio e longo prazos, comparativamente à estimulação tradicional do ventrículo direito e às terapias de ressincronização cardíaca


His-bundle pacing provides a harmonic and synchronized depolarization of both ventricles. It has been studied for more than 50 years. The development of new tools and leads has helped improve the implantation of pacemakers with His-bundle pacing routinely, especially in the last 15 years. According to current evidences, this modality of pacing is a promising alternative to traditional single-site right ventricular pacing for a potential reduction of artificial pacing-induced damages, such as ejection fraction decrease, hospital admission due to heart failure and even death. The use of His-bundle pacing has also been described as an alternative to cardiac resynchronization therapy with encouraging results. Higher command threshold, inappropriate inhibitions or oversensing ventricular loss of capture (atrial far-field) and potential lead displacements by septal leaflet motion of the mitral valve must be considered before implantation of a His-bundle pacemaker. Large randomized clinical trials with high statistical power are still needed for a better understanding of the benefits of His-bundle pacing at medium and long-term in comparison to traditional right ventricle pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapies


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy/methods , Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices , Pacemaker, Artificial , Stroke Volume , Tricuspid Valve , Bundle of His , Electric Stimulation , Electrocardiography/methods , Electrodes , Electrophysiology/methods , Heart Ventricles , Mitral Valve
6.
RELAMPA, Rev. Lat.-Am. Marcapasso Arritm ; 31(3)jul.-set. 2018. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-967786

ABSTRACT

Relato de caso de um paciente de 78 anos de idade, portador de marcapasso dupla-câmara há mais de 10 anos por doença do nó sinusal, bloqueio atrioventricular de primeiro grau e bloqueio de ramo direito, que se apresentou com taquicardia de QRS largo incessante e alternância de morfologia do QRS entre deflagração e inibição do canal ventricular


We describe the case of a 78-year-old patient who received a dual-chamber pacemaker implant ten years ago due to sick sinus syndrome, first degree heart block and right bundle branch block and now presents with an incessant wide QRS tachycardia with alternating morphology between deflagration and inhibition of the pacemaker's ventricular channel


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Tachycardia, Paroxysmal/diagnosis , Tachycardia, Paroxysmal/therapy , Cardiac Pacing, Artificial/methods , Diagnosis, Differential , Pacemaker, Artificial , Bundle-Branch Block , Electrocardiography, Ambulatory/methods , Electrocardiography/methods , Electrophysiology/methods , Atrioventricular Block , Heart Atria , Heart Ventricles , Amiodarone/therapeutic use
7.
RELAMPA, Rev. Lat.-Am. Marcapasso Arritm ; 31(2)abr.-jun. 2018. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, SES-SP | ID: biblio-914188

ABSTRACT

A taquicardia por reentrada ramo a ramo, apesar de ter sido descrita há cerca de 30 anos, é entidade por vezes desconhecida de muitos cardiologistas e, por vezes, não identificada por eletrofisiologistas. Provavelmente subdiagnosticada, em especial nos portadores de cardiomiopatia dilatada, essa entidade acomete pacientes com lesão do sistema elétrico infra-hissiano. O reconhecimento dessa arritmia é importante para poder oferecer tratamento curativo, diminuir a necessidade de antiarrítmicos e minimizar terapias apropriadas após um implante de cardiodesfibrilador implantável


Although the bundle-branch reentrant tachycardia was described about 30 years ago, it is unknown to many cardiologists, and at times it is not identified by electrophysiologists. Probably underdiagnosed, especially in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, this entity affects patients with lesion of the infra-His system. Identifying this arrhythmia is important to enable curative treatment, decrease the need for antiarrhythmics and minimize appropriate therapies after the implant of an implantable cardiac defibrillator


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry/therapy , Bundle-Branch Block/therapy , Tachycardia, Ventricular/diagnosis , Tachycardia, Ventricular/therapy , Diagnostic Imaging/methods , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/diagnosis , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/etiology , Defibrillators, Implantable , Catheter Ablation/methods , Electrocardiography/methods , Electrophysiology/methods , Heart Failure/diagnosis , Heart Rate , Heart Ventricles
9.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 28(1): 71-80, jan.-mar. 2018. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-906770

ABSTRACT

Nos últimos 50 anos, elegantes modelos clínicos e experimentais impulsionaram a investigação translacional do substrato celular e tissular das arritmias cardíacas, favorecendo o desenvolvimento de intervenções não farmacológicas, com grandes conquistas terapêuticas quando comparadas ao tratamento convencional com drogas antiarrítmicas. Além do progressivo conhecimento da complexidade anatômica e eletrofisiológica, os métodos de mapeamento sofisticados, os cateteres especiais e os estudos clínicos controlados favoreceram o progresso da ablação das taquiarritmias, principalmente das taquicardias ventriculares e da fibrilação atrial


In the last fifty years, elegant clinical and experimental models have prompted new translational concepts on cellular and tissue substrate of cardiac arrhythmias, favoring the development of non-pharmacological interventions, with important therapeutic achievements when compared to conventional treatment with antiarrhythmic drugs. Besides the gradually increasing knowledge of the anatomical and electrophysiological complexity, sophisticated mapping methods, special catheters, and controlled clinical trials have favored the progression of ablation of tachyarrythmias, particularly of ventricular tachyarrythmias


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/diagnosis , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/therapy , Translational Research, Biomedical , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/methods , Pulmonary Veins , Atrial Fibrillation/diagnosis , Tachycardia, Ventricular , Catheter Ablation/methods , Electrocardiography/methods , Electrophysiology/methods , Catheters , Heart Atria
10.
J. venom. anim. toxins incl. trop. dis ; 24: 17, 2018. tab, graf, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-954858

ABSTRACT

Centruroides hirsutipalpus, of the family Buthidae, is a scorpion endemic to the Western Pacific region of Mexico. Although medically important, its venom has not yet been studied. Therefore, this communication aims to identify their venom components and possible functions. Methods Fingerprinting mass analysis of the soluble venom from this scorpion was achieved by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the soluble venom and its toxic effects were evaluated extensively via electrophysiological assays in HEK cells expressing human voltage-gated Na+ channels (hNav 1.1 to Nav1.6), CHO cells expressing hNav 1.7, potassium channel hERG 1 (Ether-à-go-go-related-gene) and the human K+-channel hKv1.1. Results The separation of soluble venom produced 60 fractions from which 83 distinct components were identified. The molecular mass distribution of these components varies from 340 to 21,120 Da. Most of the peptides have a molecular weight between 7001 and 8000 Da (46% components), a range that usually corresponds to peptides known to affect Na+ channels. Peptides with molecular masses from 3000 to 5000 Da (28% of the components) were identified within the range corresponding to K+-channel blocking toxins. Two peptides were obtained in pure format and completely sequenced: one with 29 amino acids, showing sequence similarity to an "orphan peptide" of C. limpidus, and the other with 65 amino acid residues shown to be an arthropod toxin (lethal to crustaceans and toxic to crickets). The electrophysiological results of the whole soluble venom show a beta type modification of the currents of channels Nav1.1, Nav1.2 and Nav1.6. The main effect observed in channels hERG and hKv 1.1 was a reduction of the currents. Conclusion The venom contains more than 83 distinct components, among which are peptides that affect the function of human Na+-channels and K+-channels. Two new complete amino acid sequences were determined: one an arthropod toxin, the other a peptide of unknown function.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Scorpion Venoms/isolation & purification , Scorpion Venoms/toxicity , Electrophysiology/methods , Mass Spectrometry/methods , Amino Acid Sequence , Arthropod Proteins/physiology
11.
RELAMPA, Rev. Lat.-Am. Marcapasso Arritm ; 30(4): f:154-l:156, out.-dez. 2017. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-879939

ABSTRACT

A fibrilação atrial é a arritmia mais comumente diagnosticada nos dias atuais. Estima-se que sua prevalência seja de 0,5-1% na população geral. O número de indicações de ablação para tentativa de manutenção do ritmo sinusal tem crescido a cada ano. Não obstante a também crescente experiência dos centros especializados, as complicações inerentes ao procedimento ainda continuam altas, quando comparadas às da ablação convencional. Constatamos a ocorrência de desorganização elétrica atrial consequente a taquicardia por reentrada nodal em quatro pacientes encaminhados inicialmente para ablação de fibrilação atrial


Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia diagnosed today. It is estimated that its prevalence is around 0.5% to 1% in the general population. The number of indications for ablation procedure, as an attempt to maintain sinus rhythm, grows every year. Nevertheless, the growing experience of specialized centers, the inherent procedurecomplications are still high when compared to conventional ablation. We have noticed the occurrence of atrial electrical disorganization resulting from AV nodal reentry tachycardia in four patients initially referred for atrial fibrillation ablation


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Atrial Fibrillation/therapy , Catheter Ablation/methods , Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry/therapy , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/therapy , Atrioventricular Node , Catheters , Echocardiography/methods , Electrophysiology/methods , Risk Factors
12.
RELAMPA, Rev. Lat.-Am. Marcapasso Arritm ; 30(1): f:23-l:27, jan.-mar. 2017. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-837259

ABSTRACT

A distrofia miotônica é a doença neuromuscular mais frequente na população adulta. Embora tenha caráter multissistêmico, apresenta especial predileção pelo sistema de condução cardíaco, manifestando-se tanto com bloqueios atrioventriculares como com taquiarritmias ventriculares e supraventriculares. O foco deste trabalho é apresentar, através do relato de um caso, a importância de uma investigação mais detalhada dos casos de síncope em pacientes portadores de distrofia miotônica, pois alterações inaparentes e potencialmente graves podem passar despercebidas


Myotonic dystrophy is the most frequent neuromuscular disease in the adult population. Although it is a multisystem disease, it usually has a special preference for the cardiac conduction system manifesting itself as atrioventricular conduction block and as ventricular and supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. The focus of this work is to use a case report to demonstrate the importance of a more detailed investigation of syncope in patients with myotonic dystrophy, since unapparent and potentially serious changes may go by unnoticed


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Myotonic Dystrophy/complications , Myotonic Dystrophy/diagnosis , Patients , Syncope/complications , Bradycardia/complications , Electrocardiography/methods , Electrophysiology/methods , Neuromuscular Diseases/complications , Prevalence , Tachycardia, Ventricular/complications
13.
CoDAS ; 29(2): e20160106, 2017. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-840122

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar o uso da eletropalatografia e ultrassonografia na área da Fonoaudiologia por meio de revisão narrativa de literatura. Estratégia de pesquisa Foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados PubMed e Scielo, utilizando como descritores electropalatography, electropalatography AND evaluation, electropalatography AND therapy, electropalatography AND ultrasonography, electropalatography AND speech. Critérios de seleção Como critério da pesquisa em base de dados, foram selecionados: estudos dos últimos cinco anos e estudos em humanos. Na pré-seleção, foram descartados estudos duplicados, não disponibilizados na íntegra e que não apresentassem relação direta da eletropalatografia para a área da Fonoaudiologia. Análise dos dados A análise de dados foi realizada de forma descritiva, seguindo as subdivisões: título, área, ano, tema, aplicação e conclusão do estudo. Resultados Foram selecionados vinte e um artigos, oito deles utilizando o termo electropalatography, dois com os descritores electropalatography AND evaluation, seis artigos com os descritores electropalatography AND therapy, três artigos com os descritores electropalatography AND ultrasonography e dois artigos com os descritores electropalatography AND speech. Conclusão Foram encontrados e analisados diferentes tipos de pesquisas envolvendo o uso da eletropalatografia na área da Fonoaudiologia. Poucas pesquisas utilizaram concomitantemente a eletropalatografia e a ultrassonografia.


ABSTRACT Purpose To analyze the use of electropalatography and ultrasonography regarding speech therapy through literature narrative review. Research strategies A literature review was conducted at PubMed and Scielo databases, using descriptors as electropalatography, electropalatography AND evaluation, electropalatography AND therapy, electropalatography AND ultrasonography, electropalatography AND speech. Selection criteria The research criteria selected in the database were: studies in the past five years and studies in humans. In the pre-selection, studies that were duplicate, not fully available, and have shown no direct relation with electropalatography in speech-language therapy were discarded. Data analysis Data analysis was performed descriptively, following subdivisions: title, area, year, subject, implementation, and conclusion of the study. Results Twenty one papers were selected, eight of them using the term electropalatography, two with the keywords electropalatography AND evaluation, six with the keywords electropalatography AND therapy, three of them with the keywords electropalatography AND ultrasonography, and two papers with the keywords electropalatography AND speech. Conclusion Different types of research involving the use of electropalatography in the field of speech-language therapy were found and analyzed. Few researches have concomitantly used electropalatography and ultrasonography.


Subject(s)
Humans , Speech Disorders/therapy , Speech Disorders/diagnostic imaging , Speech Therapy/instrumentation , Tongue/physiology , Speech-Language Pathology/instrumentation , Electrophysiology/methods , Speech Disorders/physiopathology , Ultrasonography
14.
CoDAS ; 28(4): 355-361, jul.-ago. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-795250

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose To analyze the latency and amplitude of P300 responses obtained with electrodes positioned at Cz and Fz and in different tasks of infrequent stimulus identification in normal hearing individuals. Methods Forty adults of both genders participated in the study. Three recordings with three different tasks were obtained for the identification of the infrequent stimulus; simultaneous recordings were obtained from Cz and Fz positions. Results Cz position showed significantly greater amplitudes and lower latencies than Fz. Regarding the three tasks, only “pronouncing the word ’thin’” was different from “raising a finger”, with lowest latencies for the verbal task. Regarding amplitude, significantly higher values were observed for “raising a finger”, followed by “pronouncing the word ‘thin’” and mental counting. Conclusion Cz obtained the best values, highest amplitude and lowest latency. Lowest latencies were obtained for the task of “pronouncing the word ‘thin’” and the highest amplitudes were obtained for “raising a finger”.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Acoustic Stimulation/methods , Event-Related Potentials, P300/physiology , Electrodes , Electrophysiology/methods , Evoked Potentials, Auditory/physiology , Hearing/physiology , Acoustic Stimulation/instrumentation , Cognition/physiology , Electrophysiology/instrumentation
15.
Rev. cuba. oftalmol ; 29(1): 0-0, ene.-mar. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-781212

ABSTRACT

Las pruebas electrofisiológicas oculares constituyen un variado grupo de herramientas diagnósticas de extremada relevancia, sobre todo por su objetividad. El electrorretinograma multifocal se encuentra entre los más novedosos y promisorios de este selecto grupo y, a la vez, entre las de mayor complejidad de obtención. Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica de los aspectos relacionados con la obtención, representación y aplicaciones clínicas del electrorretinograma multifocal(AU)


The ocular electrophysiological tests are a varied group of extremely relevant diagnostic tools that stand out because of their objectivity. The multifocal electroretinogram is among the most novel and promising in this selected group, but at the same time, it is one of the most complex to be obtained. A literature review of the aspects related to obtaining, representation and clinical applications of the multifocal electroretinogram was made and presented in this paper(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Clinical Clerkship/methods , Electrodiagnosis/methods , Electrophysiology/methods , Databases, Bibliographic/statistics & numerical data , Review
16.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 25(4): 187-193, out.-dez.2015. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-789229

ABSTRACT

As taquiarritmias atriais representam um grupo heterogêneo de arritmias dentro das taquicardias supraventriculares, que apresentam como característica comum a ausência do nó atrioventricular como parte integrante do circuito destas arritmias. Dentre elas, destacam-se as taquicardias atriais, que podem ser focais ou macrorreentrantes. O eletrocardiograma é uma ferramenta importante nesta diferenciação, assim como o estudo eletrofisiológico, valendo-se de técnicas de mapeamento eletroanatômico (MEA), cada vez mais apuradas para este diagnóstico. As taquicardias atriais focais representam especial desafio diagnóstico e terapêutico. Padrões eletrocardiográficos, avaliação dos padrões da arritmia durante monitorização eletrocardiográfica prolongada, avaliação dos padrões de resposta a fármacos e avaliação da ativação atriale da resposta a manobras durante estudo eletrofisiológico constituem a base do seu diagnóstico. Com o desenvolvimento de novas técnicas e taxas de sucesso crescente, a ablação por radiofrequência tem se tornado, nos últimos anos, o tratamento de escolha para pacientes com taquicardia atrial focal sintomática, especialmente nos casos de taquicardia atrial incessante, pelo risco potencial de desenvolvimento de taquicardiomiopatia. Este artigo tem por objetivo realizar revisão da literatura quanto aos aspectos mais atuais no diagnóstico e tratamento das principais taquiarritmias atriais...


Atrial tachyarrhythmias are a heterogeneous group within the supraventricular tachycardia group that share in common the absence of the atrioventricular node as an integral componente of the arrhythmia circuit. Among them, special attention is given to atrial tachycardias (AT), which may present as focal or macroreentrant. The electrocardiogram (EKG) is an important tool in this differentiation, as is the electrophysiological study using techniques of electroanatomical mapping (EAM), both of which are becoming increasingly accurate in this diagnosis. The diagnosis and treatment of focal atrial tachycardias are challenging. The diagnosis is based on electrocardiographic patterns, evaluation of the patterns of arrhythmia during prolonged electrocardiographic monitoring, evaluation of the patterns of response to drugs, and evaluation of the atrial activation and the response to maneuvers during electrophysiological testing. With the development of new techniques, and the increasing success rates, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has become the gold standard therapy in recent years for patients with symptomatic focal atrial tachycardia, particularly in cases of incessant atrial tachycardia, due to the potential risk for the development of tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy.The objective of this article is to present a review of the literature, emphasizing the current aspects of diagnosis and therapy for atrial tachyarrhythmias...


Subject(s)
Humans , Tachycardia, Ectopic Atrial/diagnosis , Tachycardia, Ectopic Atrial/therapy , Tachycardia, Ventricular/diagnosis , Tachycardia, Ventricular/therapy , Heart Atria , Catheter Ablation/methods , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/diagnosis , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/therapy , Diagnosis, Differential , Electrocardiography, Ambulatory/methods , Electrocardiography/methods , Electrophysiology/methods , Heart Rate
17.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 25(4): 182-186, out.-dez.2015. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-789228

ABSTRACT

As arritmias cardíacas apresentam comportamento eletrofisiológico, manifestação clínica, prognóstico e resposta terapêutica diferentes na população. Sendo assim, a compreensão dos mecanismos envolvidos na gênese da anormalidade do ritmo cardíaco é fundamental para nortear a terapêutica. O sistema nervoso autônomo participa ativamente da eletrofisiologia da célula cardíaca e dos mecanismos relacionados ao desencadeamento das arritmias cardíacas. Dentre as arritmias supraventriculares, a fibrilação atrial merece destaque. Estudos avaliando a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca demonstram importante modificação autonômica antecedendo um quadro defibrilação atrial. Tanto a ativação simpática quanto a estimulação parassimpática podem participar da manutenção dessa arritmia. Além disso, métodos que reduzem a inervação autonômica também reduzem a incidência de arritmias atriais, sugerindo que a neuromodulação possa ser uma ferramenta promissora no controle dessa arritmia. As arritmias ventriculares também se relacionam ao comportamento autonômico. O infarto agudo do miocárdio ocasiona denervação das fibras simpáticas na cicatriz e as áreas de intensa fibrose perdem a capacidade de responderem a estimulação simpática; entretanto asregiões próximas a cicatriz apresentam um encurtamento do período refratário para a estimulação simpática de forma heterogênica predispondo a ocorrência da ectopias ventriculares. Dessa forma, a investigação do sistema nervoso autônomo no desencadeamento e manutenção das arritmias cardíacas é uma linha de pesquisa promissora e a maior compreensão dos mecanismos autonômicos irá propiciar novas ferramentas de controle das anormalidades do ritmo cardíaco...


Cardiac arrhythmias present varying electrophysiological behavior, clinical manifestation, prognosis, and therapeutic response in the population. An understanding of the mechanisms involved in the genesis of heart rhythm disorders is there fore essential for guiding the therapy. The autonomic nervous system plays an active role in the electrophysiology of the cardiac cells and the mechanisms that trigger cardiac arrhythmias. Atrial fibrillation, one of the supraventricular arrhythmias, deserves special attention. Studies to evaluate heart rate variability have demonstrated important modifications preceding an episode of atrial fibrillation. Both sympathetic activation and parasympathetic stimulation can play a role in the persistence of this arrhythmia. More over, methods that reduce autonomic innervation also reduce the incidence of atrial arrhythmias, suggesting that neuromodulation can be a promising tool in the control of this arrhythmia. Ventricular arrhythmias are also related to autonomic behavior. Acute myocardial infarction leads to denervation of the sympathetic fibers in the scar tissue, and the areas of intense fibrosis lose their capacity to respond to sympathetic stimulation, while the regions close to thescar tissue present heterogeneous refractory period shortening for sympathetic stimulation, predisposing to the occurrence of ventricular ectopic beats. Thus, the investigation of the autonomic nervous system in the triggering and persistence of heart arrhythmias is a promising line of research, and a better understanding of the autonomic mechanisms involved will provide new tools for the control of heart rhythm disorders...


Subject(s)
Humans , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/complications , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/therapy , Electrophysiology/methods , Autonomic Nervous System/physiology , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/complications , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/diagnosis , Bradycardia/complications , Bradycardia/diagnosis , Risk Factors , Heart Rate , Heart Atria/abnormalities
18.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 2013 Mar; 51(3): 228-234
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-147586

ABSTRACT

Rats treated with isoproterenol (ISO, 85 mg/kg, sc, twice at an interval of 24 h) showed a significant increase in heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, pressure rate index, ST elevation on ECG, and a significant increase in the levels of cardiac marker enzymes- lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase in serum and a significant reduction in superoxide dismutase, and catalase and increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substance activity in heart tissue. Treatment with Human umbilical cord blood (hUCBC; 500 and 1000 µL, iv, via the tail vein; 2 h after the second dose of ISO) significantly restored back to normal levels and showed a lesser degree of cellular infiltration and infarct size in histopathological and planimetry studies respectively. Thus, hUCBC ameliorates cardiotoxic effects of isoproterenol and may be of value in the treatment of myocardial infarction.


Subject(s)
Animals , Antioxidants/metabolism , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Cardiotoxins/metabolism , Creatine Kinase/metabolism , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Electrocardiography , Electrophysiology/methods , Fetal Blood/cytology , Heart Rate , Humans , Isoproterenol/pharmacology , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Male , Myocardial Infarction/metabolism , Myocardium/metabolism , Myocardium/pathology , Necrosis/pathology , Necrosis/therapy , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Time Factors
19.
AJM-Alexandria Journal of Medicine. 2013; 49 (2): 111-117
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-145370

ABSTRACT

Pelvic floor electrophysiological tests are essential for assessment of patients with faecal incontinence. The present study was conducted to determine the patterns of pelvic floor electrophysiology that are associated with faecal incontinence. The present study included 40 patients with faecal incontinence and 20 apparently healthy subjects as a control group. All patients were subjected to history taking, clinical examination, proctosigmoidoscopy, anal manometry and electrophysiological studies. Electrophysiological studies included pudendal nerve motor conduction study, pudendo-anal reflex, needle electromyography of the external anal sphincter and puborectalis muscles, pudendal somatosensory evoked potential and tibial somatosensory evoked potential. The control group was subjected to electrophysiological studies which include pudendal nerve motor conduction study, pudendo anal reflex, pudendal somatosensory evoked potential and tibial somatosensory evoked potential. The most common pelvic floor electrodiagnostic pattern characteristic of faecal incontinence was pudendal neuropathy, abnormal pudendo-anal reflex, denervation of the external anal sphincter and puborectalis at rest, incomplete interference pattern of the external anal sphincter and puborectalis at squeezing and cough and a localized defect in the external anal sphincter. There were characteristic pelvic floor electrodiagnostic patterns for faecal incontinence


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Pelvic Floor/physiology , Electrophysiology/methods
20.
Rev. bras. cardiol. invasiva ; 20(4): 427-430, out.-dez. 2012. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-666144

ABSTRACT

Agenesia da veia cava inferior é uma malformação rara. Sua causa mais comum é a disgenesia durante a embriogênese, mas também pode estar relacionada a trombose intrauterina ou perinatal. Normalmente é assintomática, em associação, ou não, com outras malformações congênitas, e pode cursar com maior risco de insuficiência venosa crônica e trombose venosa profunda, especialmente em jovens. Seu diagnóstico frequentemente é acidental, durante cirurgias abdominais ou procedimentos radiológicos. Relatamos cinco casos de agenesia da veia cava inferior detectada durante procedimentos eletrofisiológicos.


Agenesis of the inferior vena cava is a rare malformation. Its most common cause is dysgenesis during embryogenesis, but it may also be related to intrauterine or perinatal thrombosis. It is usually asymptomatic, associated or not with other congenital malformations and may be related to increased risk of chronic venous insufficiency and deep vein thrombosis, especially in young individuals. Diagnosis is often incidental, during abdominal surgery or radiological procedures. We reported five cases of agenesis of the inferior vena cava detected during electrophysiological procedures.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cardiovascular Abnormalities/complications , Cardiovascular Abnormalities/diagnosis , Electrophysiology/methods , Vena Cava, Inferior/cytology
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